All our sales are subject to the following general conditions of sale, which you can also find in our catalog and on our website:https://fr.vwr.com
Use
Products supplied by VWR International must be used at the sole responsibility of the professional user in accordance with the manufacturer's documentation and specifications. VWR International is usually not authorized to sell certain products (active pharmaceutical ingredient) because it cannot meet the requirements of applicable regulations (good manufacturing practice). With few exceptions, our products cannot be used as active pharmaceutical ingredients in medicine or veterinary medicine. For drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, food additives and medical devices, the Customer should contact the VWR sales department. Customers who choose to use our products for the above applications or for other off-label applications must conduct their own audits and inspections to ensure that they operate in accordance with applicable laws and regulations (for example: European Pharmacopoeia). VWR International shall not be liable if the Customer uses the product contrary to its intended purpose and intended use. The buyer must then personally bear the damage caused by misuse of the product. The customer is obliged to comply with all valid hygiene and safety rules and to adopt valid measures and recommendations regarding the storage, transport, sale and use of these products. In the case of medical products (CE/IVD), the buyer, if he resells the products, must fulfill his obligations regarding material and reaction control, traceability, post-marketing control at his own risk. product recall, as well as storage conditions (in particular, compliance with temperatures).
Change control management
For the products it distributes, VWR International does not check or notify the customer of changes in specifications affecting the products.
However, to deal withChange of controlmay be created between VWR International and the Customer under certain conditions and for certain products.
Information and specifications
The information and specifications contained in the VWR International catalogs are for informational purposes only and are not binding. VWR International reserves the right to change or remove products from its catalogs at any time without notice.
Cena
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, prices expressed in Euros (€) do not include taxes and fees based on the prices in effect on the day the order is approved.
The customer will be invoiced a flat amount for handling charges below the stated order amount, plus shipping charges applicable to the order.
VWR International reserves the right to change product prices without notice at any time, for example due to supplier price increases, changes in raw material prices or exchange rates. For some products, such as precious metals, prices are for information only and will be invoiced on the day of delivery.
VWR International does not list its public courses on its website. In order to be able to see the current prices, each Customer must log in through their personalized profile or contact VWR International to obtain a price quote.
Prices are guaranteed for the period of validity of the offer or estimate, excluding precious metals, fluctuations in raw material prices, exchange rates, customs duties, etc.
VWR International may charge the Customer a one-time fee associated with an increase in crude oil prices.
Prices are for products delivered on the ground floor, unpacked and disassembled. All additional installation services are subject to an additional charge.
Payment policy
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, payments are made within 30 days of the invoice date, net and without discount. Any worsening of the Customer's creditworthiness may justify a request for a guarantee, cash payment or advance payment before the execution of the order.
Payment for any partial delivery is normally due on the date shown on the relevant invoice and not on delivery of the remainder.
In the event of late payment after the invoice date, VWR International may suspend any outstanding order, subject to other actions, and charge late payment penalties at the applicable ECB base rate for six months. at 1IsJanuary or 1IsJuly + 10 points according to the law the day after payment and a one-time fee for collection costs.
Transfer of risk
The transfer of risk occurs at the time of delivery. Unless otherwise stated in writing, delivery is deemed to be made outside VWR International stores.
Retention of ownership clause
VWR Internationalor VWR International's agents retain title to the goods delivered to the customer until full payment of the price plus interest and royalties.
If the invoice is not paid on time, VWR International may,without compromise in performancefees, cancel the sale and charge the above goods in full. This provision also applies to third parties wishing to take delivery of goods supplied by VWR International.
The buyer is prohibited from pledging or transferring title to the goods as security until full payment has been made.
In the event that there is a collective action pending against the buyer or an event that prevents payment of the goods delivered by the seller, and the buyer has sold part or all of the goods to a sub-buyer without - after releasing the buyer from the sale price in relation to the buyer, the buyer undertakes to VWR International immediately transmit all data necessary for any claim of goods by VWR International, in connection with the claim of the price still owed by the customer.
Orders
Orders are not final until confirmed by VWR International. If the Customer cancels the order, the costs may be charged. Some orders cannot be canceled (outside the catalog).
VWR International recommends using numbers and designations from VWR International catalogs or offers. In case of incorrect text, if VWR International had to decide, VWR International will avoid responsibility, the cost of return due to non-conformity will be borne by the buyer.
Delivery and receipt of goods
VWR International chooses the delivery method it considers most suitable for its customer.
Products listed in ADR (International Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods) are shipped in accordance with the applicable regulations.
In the case of heavy and bulky products or products that require special transport and packaging conditions (e.g. temperature-controlled transport), the Customer will be charged a fixed fee, as well as expedited delivery. The customer is obliged to ensure the dimensions of the space (stairs, doors, rooms, etc.) for receiving the ordered equipment.
The sale of alcohol is subject to very strict regulations that the buyer must comply with. The Customs Administration Branch controls the sale of ethyl alcohol, for this purpose the Buyer should send a copy of the authorization for the purchase of alcohol issued by the Customs Administration Branch before each delivery.
Delivery times shown in VWR International documents (offer, order confirmation, etc.) are for informational purposes only. If these deadlines are exceeded, fines or compensation for late payment cannot be claimed. Delivery can only be made if the Customer continuously fulfills its obligations to VWR International.
At the moment of receipt, the customer undertakes to:
-checking the condition and quantity of received goods (number of received packages in relation to the number of packages on the bill of lading) by opening the package in the presence of the carrier, if any;
-text in case of damage, damage or loss of shipment, deductions on the transport certificate,
-notify and send your reservations to the carrier by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt within 72 hours of receipt in accordance with Article L133-3 of the Commercial Code.
Regardless of the agreement with the carrier, complaints about visible defects must be reported in writing within 10 working days from the arrival of the goods at the place of delivery. In the complaint, it is necessary to state the references found on the invoice and the batch number of the goods. If these conditions are not met, it is considered that the goods have been received by the customer.
RETURN
Returns will not be accepted without the prior written consent of VWR International, who will determine the terms. In this case, the products will be returned in their original packaging, with postage paid, to the address provided by the customer.
In case of return of hazardous materials, the Buyer is obliged to comply with the applicable regulations (ADR, IMDG, IATA, etc.).
The customer will be issued a one-time invoice for the inspection and replacement costs. If the returned product proves unfit for sale, VWR International may charge the Customer the cost of destruction.
Non-stock products, special order or bespoke products (eg outsourcing, TPP), which are not part of VWR International's standard offering, will not be accepted.
Warranty
Products sold by VWR International are guaranteed, unless otherwise stated, for a period of 12 to 24 months from:
-Technical reception of installed goods,
-From the date of delivery for non-installed goods.
The warranty covers any hidden defects or manufacturing defects resulting from a defect in material or workmanship that affects the delivered goods and renders them unusable.
This warranty is limited to the repair of the goods at the Customer's premises or at the workshops of VWR International or the manufacturer, as the case may be. If repair is not possible, it is limited to the replacement of goods that do not conform to the contract or have a defect.
Any warranty is excluded in case of misuse, negligence or lack of maintenance by the customer, such as normal wear and tear of the property or in case of force majeure.
The replacement of defective products or parts will not affect the extension of the above warranty period. Parts are guaranteed for 3 months from replacement by a person authorized by VWR International. The customer is not guaranteed the availability of spare parts in a certain period of time.
In the event of a dispute, all actions to resolve the dispute must be taken no later than one year after delivery or acceptance of the goods in question.
Post-Warranty Service: After the warranty expires, VWR International can offer you a service contract tailored to your needs.
Duties
VWR International is obliged to provide the funds. His liability is limited to the price charged for the product sold, as well as to the various costs necessary for its replacement or repair. VWR International is not responsible for the compensation of indirect damages suffered by the customer and/or a third party.
However, VWR International may be held liable if it is proven that the damage caused to third parties, property or personnel of the Customer is due to a gross and/or intentional error by VWR International in the performance of the service covered by these General Terms and Conditions of Sale.
The customer assumes its contractual responsibility towards VWR International.
force majeure
Any unforeseeable, unforeseeable event beyond the control of the parties that prevents or limits production and/or services shall be deemed force majeure and release VWR International from its obligation to deliver.
Data protection
VWR International protects the User's personal data. The customer has the right to access, modify, correct and delete personal data provided by VWR International. The customer can exercise this right by sending a written request to VWR International.
Waste management
To fight pollution and ensure compliance, VWR international recycles all used furniture, electrical and electronic equipment, financially supporting many environmental organizations.
Export
These General Terms and Conditions of Sale apply to sales in mainland France. If the Buyer wants to export the products, he is obliged to contact the export department of VWR International. All exports of VWR products must comply with applicable laws (especially export control and anti-corruption compliance) and at your own risk. The products we sell are packaged for shipment to France. It is the Buyer's responsibility and liability, in the case of export, to ensure that any repackaging it carries out complies with the regulations.
In the case of sales in export and in DOM-TOM, prices are determined ex-factory. A minimum order is required. Below this amount, the customer will be charged a fixed processing fee.
Against corruption
VWR International is subject to the laws of the United StatesForeign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 ("US FCPA") and French anti-corruption legislation. The customer undertakes to comply with applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations.
Jurisdiction clause - applicable law
These General Terms and Conditions of Sale are governed by French law.
The parties will attempt to reach an amicable settlement before taking any action in the dispute. In the event of a dispute, the courts of Créteil will have exclusive jurisdiction, unless VWR International wishes to use another competent jurisdiction. This clause applies even in the case of summary proceedings, collateral claims or multiple defendants or warranty claims, provided that the jurisdiction clauses contained in the User's documents cannot prevent the enforcement of this clause.
FAQs
Is malonic acid strong or weak? ›
Malonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. Its pKa1 is 2.83 and pKa2 is 5.69. The higher the pKa value, the weaker the acid. Therefore, it is a medium-strong acid.
What is malonic acid used for? ›Malonic acid, also called propanedioic acid, is a precursor to specialty polyesters. It is a dibasic organic acid whose diethyl ester is used in syntheses of vitamins B1 and B6, barbiturates, and numerous other valuable compounds. Malonic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder. Sublimes in vacuum.
What is the linear formula for malonic acid? ›Malonic acid | C3H4O4 | CID 867 - PubChem.
What are the interesting facts about malonic acid? ›Malonic acid itself is rather unstable and has few applications. Its calcium salt occurs in beetroot, but the acid itself is usually prepared by hydrolyzing diethyl malonate. It undergoes the usual reactions of carboxylic acids as well as facile cleavage into acetic acid and carbon dioxide.
Which acids are weak? ›- Formic acid (chemical formula: HCOOH)
- Acetic acid (chemical formula: CH3COOH)
- Benzoic acid (chemical formula: C6H5COOH)
- Oxalic acid (chemical formula: C2H2O4)
- Hydrofluoric acid (chemical formula: HF)
- Nitrous acid (chemical formula: HNO2)
- Sulfurous acid (chemical formula: H2SO3)
The malonic acid has value lower than the acetic acid because the malonic acid is more acidic due to the presence of two COOH groups (electron-withdrawing group).
Is malonic acid hazardous? ›Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, permeator), of inhalation.
What are the health effects of malonic acid? ›| SYMPTOMS | PREVENTION | |
|---|---|---|
| Inhalation | Cough. Sore throat. | Use local exhaust or breathing protection. |
| Skin | Redness. Pain. | Protective gloves. |
| Eyes | Redness. Pain. | Wear safety goggles. |
| Ingestion | Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. | Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. |
Malonic acid is a normal component of human urine, in small quantities, but a genetic disorder called methyl malonic aciduria (also known as malonic aciduria or Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency) causes high levels of methyl malonic acid in the blood serum and urine.
What is the pH of malonic acid? ›pH 3, acidic. Flash Point: 171°C (340°F).
What foods contain malonic acid? ›
In humans, malonic acid is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Outside of the human body, Malonic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.
What is malonic acid found in? ›Malonic acid is a substance found in some fruits that occurs naturally. Fruits generated in organic farming contain greater concentrations of malonic acid in citrus compared to fruits generated in conventional farming. The IUPAC name of malonic acid is propanedioic acid.
Which acid is found in apple? ›In cultivated apple, malic acid is the predominantly detectable organic acid, while malic acid and citric acid are the predominant organic acids in wild apple species.
What is the other name of malonic acid? ›Malonic acid is a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme of Krebs cycle.
Which one is the strongest acid? ›For instance, hydrochloric acid comes in at about pH 1.6, nitric acid at 1.08 and pure sulfuric acid at a whopping pH -12. That makes sulfuric acid the strongest 'normal' acid you'll find. Anything more powerful is defined as a superacid.
What is the weakest acid in the world? ›Hydrofluoric acid is the weakest acid. Its chemical formula is HF.
What are the 7 strong and weak acids? ›The strong acids are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, and chloric acid. The only weak acid formed by the reaction between hydrogen and a halogen is hydrofluoric acid (HF).
Is malic acid the same as malonic acid? ›Malonic acid, formally propanedioic acid, is the second-smallest aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. (Oxalic acid is the smallest.) It should not be confused with malic or maleic acid, both of which also contain two carboxyls. Malonic acid is a white crystalline solid with a decomposition point of ≈135 °C.
What is the difference between malic acid and malonic acid? ›What is the Difference Between Malic Acid and Maleic Acid? Malic acid and maleic acid are two different dicarboxylic acids. Malic acid is an organic compound having the chemical formula C4H6O5 while maleic acid is an organic compound having the chemical formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H.
How acidic is alcohol? ›
Alcoholic beverages have high acidic levels and are damaging to tooth enamel. Wine, beer, and hard liquor all have a pH balance of around 4 and lower. Wine is more acidic than beer, with sweet wines being the most acidic.
Does malonic acid dissolve in water? ›Malonic acid was soluble in water because both malonic acid and water are polar. It took 25 seconds for malonic acid to dissolve in water. Malonic acid was soluble in methyl alcohol because malonic acid is polar and methyl alcohol is intermediately polar, allowing malonic acid to dissolve in the methanol in 15 seconds.
Which acid is hazardous? ›Hydrochloric acid is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure may cause eye, nose, and respiratory tract irritation and inflammation and pulmonary edema in humans.
What are the symptoms of too much malic acid? ›In general, if you consume too much of anything containing added malic acid, it may irritate your mouth. Possible side effects of a malic acid supplement may include stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, headaches or allergic reactions. When applied to the skin, it may cause skin or eye irritation.
What does malic acid do to your stomach? ›As the name implies, malic acid has a low pH and can aid in stomach digestion when the body does not naturally produce ample hydrochloric acid to chemically break down food. Once food is broken into smaller nutrients, it is much more easily digested.
Which fruit contains malic acid? ›Malic acid is found in other fruits such as grapes, watermelons, cherries, and in vegetables such as carrots and broccoli. This acid is mainly used in food applications including candy and beverages.
What is the urine test for B12 deficiency? ›The urine MMA-creatinine ratio is an accurate way of testing for B-12 deficiency. Your healthcare provider might also order these tests: Folic acid test. You may have this blood test because the symptoms of a folic acid deficiency are similar to the symptoms of a B-12 deficiency.
Can a urine test detect vitamin deficiency? ›The Vitamin B12 deficiency is usually diagnosed by a blood or urine test preferably at the doctor's chamber by a pathologist. This test chiefly checks the level of vitamin B-12 in the blood or urine to gauge the body's overall vitamin B-12 stores.
What is B12 deficiency in urine? ›Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to a buildup of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in urine. Urine MMA is a specific indicator of functional B12 deficiency and may indicate deficiency sooner than a B12 blood test. It has been estimated that vitamin B12 deficiency is present in about 20% of the elderly population.
What does malonic acid smell like? ›Diethyl malonate, also known as DEM, is the diethyl ester of malonic acid. It occurs naturally in grapes and strawberries as a colourless liquid with an apple-like odour, and is used in perfumes.
Is acetic acid a vinegar? ›
Acetic acid is also known as ethanoic acid, ethylic acid, vinegar acid, and methane carboxylic acid. Acetic acid is a byproduct of fermentation, and gives vinegar its characteristic odor. Vinegar is about 4-6% acetic acid in water.
What is malonic acid in fruits? ›Malonic acid is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits and vegetables. There is a suggestion that citrus fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of malonic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
Is malic acid inflammatory? ›While yes, malic acid is notably gentler than other acids, at the end of the day, it's still an acid. “Any acid can cause inflammation and irritation,” cautions Goldenberg.
Do onions have malic acid? ›The highest cycloalliin (0.76 mM), free-sugar (sucrose 1.66 g/L, glucose 8.62 g/L, and fructose 7.64 g/L), and malic acid (0.82 g/L) contents were observed in onion boiled at 90 ∘C for 120 min.
What does malonic acid inhibit? ›Malonate (malonic acid) is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II).
How do you make malonic acid? ›Malonic acid has been prepared by the hydrolysis of malononitrile with concentrated hydrochloric acid;2 by the hydration of carbon suboxide;3 and from an alkali cyanide and ethyl bromoacetate,4 ethyl chloroacetate,5 or chloroacetic acid6 followed by hydrolysis.
What acid is in vinegar? ›ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR.
What acid is in banana? ›All the qualitative data seem to contribute to the conclusion that malic acid is the only nonvolatile organic acid present in the ripe banana.
Which acid is present in apple cider vinegar? ›While acetic acid is used to identify vinegar, past research has found that apple cider vinegar also contains some lactic, citric and malic acids.
How does malonate affect metabolism? ›It decreases cellular activity. Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase: it binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, and so competes with succinate, the substrate of the enzyme. Thus chemical malonate decreases cellular respiration.
What does malic enzyme do? ›
Malic enzyme (ME) is a key enzyme regulating malic acid metabolism. It can combine the coenzyme to catalyze the reversible reaction of malate oxidative decarboxylation, produce pyruvic acid and CO2, and accompany the production of NAD(P)H.
Is maleic acid strong? ›Dissolved in water, maleic acid is a very strong organic acid. Maleic acid, which does not exist in nature, is an important chemical for the production of alkyd resins, and for the synthesis of dienes.
Is butanoic acid strong or weak? ›Butanoic acid ( H C 4 H 7 O 2 ) is a weak acid that dissociates in water as follows.
Which is stronger oxalic acid or malonic acid? ›Malonic acid, (${ COOH-CH }_{ 2 }{ -COOH }$) is less acidic than oxalic acid because of the intervening presence of ${ -CH }_{ 2 }$ group and succinic acid (${ COOH-CH }_{ 2 }{ { -CH }_{ 2 }-COOH }$) which is much weaker than (${ COOH-CH }_{ 2 }{ -COOH }$).
Is malic acid a strong acid? ›Most organic acids are weak acids. Examples include citric acid, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid. This is important as weak acids can act as buffers absorbing hydrogen ions without change the pH.
Is maleic acid toxic? ›HAZARD SUMMARY
* Maleic Acid can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with possible eye damage. * Breathing Maleic Acid can irritate the nose, throat and lungs causing coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath.
Malic acid's role in the improvement of collagen formation also helps in strengthening hair and its roots. It prevents hair thinning by minimizing the damage to hair follicles. As malic acid also promotes new cell generation, it helps to boost hair growth.
Is maleic acid edible? ›When taken by mouth: Malic acid is commonly consumed in foods. Malic acid is possibly safe when used as a medicine for up to 6 months.
Which of the following is relatively strong acid? ›So, the correct option is H2S.
How do you know which carboxylic acid is stronger? ›As expected, the higher the electronegativity of the substituent the greater the increase in acidity (F > Cl > Br > I), and the closer the substituent is to the carboxyl group the greater is its effect (isomers in the 3rd row).
What are the dangers of butanoic acid? ›
| AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR! | |
|---|---|
| SYMPTOMS | |
| Inhalation | Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed. See Notes. |
| Skin | Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns. |
| Eyes | Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision. |
The key difference between malic acid and maleic acid is that malic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid, whereas maleic acid is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. Malic acid is produced via the hydration of maleic anhydride while the maleic acid is produced from the same compound via hydrolysis.
Which is stronger citric or malic acid? ›Malic acid has a higher relative sourness than citric acid, even though its pH is higher. This is because malic acid has a more prolonged sour sensation in the mouth than citric acid.
Does apple cider vinegar have malic acid? ›While acetic acid is used to identify vinegar, past research has found that apple cider vinegar also contains some lactic, citric and malic acids.
What acid is in apples? ›In cultivated apple, malic acid is the predominantly detectable organic acid, while malic acid and citric acid are the predominant organic acids in wild apple species.
What is the strongest acid in wine? ›Tartaric acid is considered the principal wine acid. It is the strongest of the wine acids, and generally more tartaric acid is present in wine.